IP  (Internet Protocol) Addressing-Basic
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What is IP Address ? IP address is logical address of a computer.why Ip address ?  eg:if your working in a company,how they can identify ? through ID card.In a computer network how to identify each computer with the help of Ip and Mac address(MAC-Media Access Control).

What is MAC id

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MAC id is a physical address each network card/wifi device has a mac address. MAC address is a 48 bit address. Eg of a mac address: 00:1A:A0:BE:D2:7A.Mac address is permanent address for that particular device but you can change the mac address for temporary purpose with third party software.

Ip Address

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An IP address is a logical address you can assign which IP address you want. IP address aging is to type

1. Dynamic : -dynamic means it has automatically taken the IP address and DNS and gateway through DHCP (dynamic host configuration protocol). How to work DHCP I will add later.

2. Static: - Static configuration means you can assign a particular IP address to the particular Ethernet card.

IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) assign a particular IP as private address and a public IP address.

IP Versions

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Main IP versions are ipv4 and ipv6. ipv5 is designed but it is not clicked in a market that's why it's called as a testing IP address or internet streaming IP address.

Difference between ipv4 and ipv6

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IPV4	IPV6
Ipv4 is a 32 bit address eg:192.168.1.1 each part is 8 bit. 8*4 = 32 bit .	Ipv6 is a 128 bit address eg:abcd:1212:1423:fde3:12ad:13cb:cf35:cbda each part is 16 bit 16*8 = 128.
Ipv4 is represented in decimal format(0-9).	Ipv6 is represented in hexadecimal format(0-F).
Each part of ipv4 called as a octets.	Each part of ipv6 is called as a digits.
Parts are separated by dots.(.)	The parts are separated by column
Divided by classes (class A,B,C,D,E)	Class less

Different classes of ip address 

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ipv4 are mainly classified as 5 classes ]

1). class A 2). class B 3). class C 4). class D 5). class E classes we are grouped like  

1. Unicast IP address } class A  + class B  + class C

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Unicast ip address means one to one connection.

2. multicast IP address } class D

Multicast connection means one to many 

3. broadcast IP address } class E

Broadcast address means one to all

Ranges of Ip address

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Class A --->>  0  -  126 (127 ---is a loopback ip)

0 range is already reserved.

loopback ip

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127.0.0.1 (it is called as a loopback ip.this range we can used as a loop back address)loop back address is used to check your networking devices are working or not(ping 127.0.0.1) and used to block particular web site.

class B --->> 128  - 191

In class B 169.254.X.X this range is called APIPA(Automated Private IP Adressing) range ip address.if DHCP is not working that time only APIPA range will activate and give ip to clients in the range of 169.254.X.X range.

Class C --->> 192  - 223

Class is very commonly used ip address(192.168.1.X)

class D --->>224  - 239 

class D ip address only used for research purpose

Class E --->>240  -  254 

class E also only used for research purpose. Normal PC cant assign class D and E range 

255.255.255.255--->>is called as broad cast address